The Impact of Social Stratification on Access to Islamic Education in Urban and Rural Areas. International Journal of Islamic Education Discourse, [S. l.], v. 1, n. 2, p. 19–26, 2025. DOI: 10.59966/655y7e75. Disponível em: https://kalimasadajournals.com/index.php/IJIED/article/view/142. Acesso em: 15 apr. 2026.